Background: Fast foods consumption among students has increased. This study assessed the factors associated with fast foods consumption in adolescents in the city of Sanandaj, Iran.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 553 high-school students studying in the city of Sanandaj were randomly selected. Data were collected using questionnaires proved to be valid and reliable. Data were analyzed based on sample distribution using chi-square and independent-samples t tests via SPSS software. Findings: 69.8% of the studied students CONSUMEd fast foods at least once a week. Type of food consumption differed between the sexes (P<0.001). There was a relationship between the maternal education and the knowledge of adolescents about fast foods (P<0.050).Conclusion: Considering the important role of family member’s, specialty the mother, about choosing adolescents’ food and the effectiveness of the level of maternal education on students’ knowledge and tendency to fast food consumption, more attention should be paid to improve mothers' knowledge, as an important strategy in reduction of fast foods consumption in this age group.

One of the main tasks of marketers is understand of CONSUMErs and their experiences about products and services and how their experiences influence their feelings. This paper aims to study influence of different aspects of CONSUME experience on post-CONSUME variables (satisfaction, sadness intensity, mouth-to-mouth communication, and behavioral wills). Random stratified sampling was done for data gathering of questionnaires distributed among 385 students of Mashhad Azad University. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation MODEL were used for data analysis using AMOS software. This is functional survey. Findings show that pleasure in CONSUME experience has positive influence on satisfaction, sadness intensity, will for oral advertisement, and intention for repetition of experience). Also, escaping from reality in CONSUME experience has positive effects on sadness intensity of CONSUMErs. Learning and communication (common experience) in CONSUME experience has positive influence on oral advertisement implementation. Also, . Learning in CONSUME experience has positive influence on oral advertisement will.

Background: Reports indicate that probiotics have beneficial effects on both the prevention and treatment of numerous diseases. Objectives: This study aims to explore the overall inclination toward probiotic consumption, its trends, and its association with common gastrointestinal diseases. Methods: We conducted an ecological study utilizing Google Trends (GTs) and Global Concern data. We analyzed search terms related to “probiotic," “Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)," “Peptic," “Constipation," “Diarrhea," and “Stomach Cancer (SC)" across all searches performed on GTs from January 2014 to July 2023. Results: Globally and in Iran, there has been an increasing interest in consuming probiotics over time. This increase is linked to a rise in cases of stomach cancer and irritable bowel syndrome, which, in turn, boosts the propensity to utilize probiotics. Globally, there is a direct correlation between probiotic consumption and IBS (R = +0.69, P = 0.0001), peptic disorders (R = +0.71, P = 0.001), Constipation (R = +0.93, P = 0.001), and diarrhea (R = +0.89, P = 0.001). In Iran, significant direct correlations were found between probiotic consumption and both constipation (R = +0.36, P = 0.001) and diarrhea (R = +0.40, P = 0.001). Among probiotic-containing products, yogurt was preferred over others worldwide and in Iran. Conclusions: The interest in probiotic use is high globally and in Iran. Consequently, there is a need for strategies to educate the public about the areas where the benefits of probiotics are well-supported by evidence and where information is either weak or lacking.

In reference to the performance of Ebooks in enriching youth leisure time, it is relevant to study on Ebook publishing status in Iran and to cogitate how young people exploit Ebooks through internet. On this intent, in the first place, this article, by adopting a documentary method in parallel with a case study, indicates how Ebook publishing evolved from a printing to a virtual media and which important obstacles restrict this process. Along with, the article, by conducting a survey, interested in knowing how young people in Iran CONSUME and exploit Ebooks. Eventually the article analyze survey results in a comparative manner with global patterns.The sample, in the survey section, has been selected in snowball method.Questionnaire has been adopted fromGlobal eBook Monitor, 10 Country Comparisonwhich conducted by Bowker Market Research, by some changes in reference to Iranian society.The article shows that in spite of advances in designing a free flow format for Persian digital books, industrial digital publishing will not been constructed in a near time; in cause of not being grounded in a strong Ebook market. In this case variables like reading culture, public library infrastructure, commodity relationships, and weak publishing regulations, are responsible. However there are advantages, especially in status that arose from western sanctions against Iran, that encourage digitalizing book publishing industry. By the way publishing corporations think security regulations is the landmark issue that restricts digitalizing trends.In compare with patterns of Ebook exploitation in the world, this article shows Iranian users strongly are interested in professional issues and free books.However they display unstable behavior and keep changing their direction to different aspects of the subject.

Marine and fish products are one of healthy foods that, unfortunately, its consumption in our society is negligible and there is less in the household basket. The main objective research is analysis and identify the price and non-price factors affecting willingness to CONSUME fish among Households of Urmia City in 2016. In this context, the ordered logit MODEL was applied and the required data were collected through a survey and questionnaire based on proportional stratified random sampling (220 samples). Results show that 20 % people were not willingness to CONSUME fish, 9% of whom had little interest in fish consumption, and only 19% had a high tendency to CONSUME it. The results of estimated ordered logit MODEL implied that the living location close to fish shopping mall, existence of elderly people in the household and children under ten years old has a significant impact on increasing willingness to CONSUME fish and also existence people with a specific disease in the household and the price of fish decrease the tendency to use it. The results showed that the people awareness of the benefits of fish consumption and general conditions of purchase (including price, taste, appearance package, easy access to shopping centers and freshness) are not desirable. While based on the results of estimated ordered logit MODEL, the awareness of the benefits of fish and fish general conditions purchase terms effects significantly the frequency of households fish consumption, so that improving both indicators increaseddramatically household’s fish consumption. If the status of these two indicators are improved by one percent, the probability of more consumption of fish will increase by 2.02% and 645.2% respectively. Also, the results of the calculation of odds ratio criterion indicate that the presence of elderly people in the family and the age of the head of household are the highest (23.3%) and the least (0.977%), respectively, impacts on the probability of increasing the fish consumption. So it is recommended that the West Azerbaijan Fisheries and Agriculture Organizations has attempted to ameliorate status of these indices by effective planning and efficient advertising.

The goal of this research is survey for relation between social capital and lifestyle. Theoretical framework of research is upon the view of Piere Bourdiou. Method of research is survey, statistical society was over 18 years old of all 22 regions of Tehran And Sample volume was 400 persons in 1 and 20 rgions. In based on descriptive results, measure of social capital was medium (%74.1) and type of lifestyle was traditional (%51.8). The findings of pearson correlation about relational hypotheses shown significant relation between independent variable (social capital) and dependent variable (lifestyle). The results of F test (ANOVA) about differential hypotheses found that significant differential between education and lifestyle, job and lifestyle and income and lifestyle.

Plant development can be defined as a programmed qualitative change in plant form, which leads plant to maturity, and researchers call it as phasic development or phenology. Recognizing the timing of occurring each development stage is necessary for managing system in order to yield increment. The timing of occurring development stages depend on climate, genotype specifications and sowing date then determination of these times in different regions is difficult and it is only possible through the using of crop simulation MODELs which can predict the timing of occurrence each development stage by integrating effective factors. The MODEL was constructed based on linear equation of plant temperature response. In order to MODEL evaluation two experiments were carried out in agricultural and natural resources research center of Khuzistan in 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 cropping years. Wheat development stages were determined based on Kirby and Appleyard’s scale by stereoscopic microscope and required GDD for each development stage as well. The constructed MODEL was calibrated and run for simulation. Comparison of simulated and observed data showed that the MODEL can strongly predict wheat development stages.